Historical content. This page belongs to the former “solved problems” section. The Tratado de Fundamentos (v35, Jun 2026) does not present these problems as solved: it develops them in full, classifies several results as conditional and keeps seven open fronts. The values of S and the thresholds quoted here may correspond to the earlier formulation. The current classification of each result is in the status of the results.

Baryon Asymmetry

Why is there more matter than antimatter in the universe?

This page is a translation of the Spanish original. Where they differ, the Spanish text prevails.

The Problem

The Big Bang should have produced equal amounts of matter and antimatter. However, we observe a matter-dominated universe, with a small asymmetry quantified by:

$$\eta_B = \frac{n_B - n_{\bar{B}}}{n_\gamma} \approx 6 \times 10^{-10}$$

Sakharov Conditions

To generate the asymmetry, three conditions are required (Sakharov, 1967):

  1. Baryon number (B) violation
  2. C and CP violation
  3. Departure from thermal equilibrium

The Standard Model satisfies (1) via sphalerons and (2) via CKM, but the CP violation is insufficient and there is no clear departure from equilibrium.

The MCMC Solution

The MCMC generates the baryon asymmetry through CTP violation at collapse C₁ (S₀.₀₉₉), not through ad hoc parameters:

Collapse C₁: S₀.₀₉₉ — CTP Violation

The violation of CTP symmetry (Charge-Time-Parity) occurs at the first entropic collapse, after the evolution process P₁:

$$S_{CTP} = 0.099 \quad \text{(Colapso C}_1\text{, escala GUT)}$$

This value marks the sealing where the imperfection δ₀ is translated into particle-antiparticle asymmetry. The velocity c becomes fixed and temporal irreversibility emerges: P(S→S+ΔS) ≠ P(S+ΔS→S).

Primordial Imperfection δ₀

In the Primordial State (S = 0), the Mp = Ep symmetry has an intrinsic imperfection:

$$P_{ME}(S = 0^+) = \frac{Mp - Ep}{Mp + Ep} = \delta_0 \neq 0$$

This imperfection is the source of all dynamism in the model, and upon reaching the collapse S₀.₀₉₉, it is translated into baryon asymmetry.

Generation Mechanism at S₀.₀₉₉

Upon completing process P₁ and reaching collapse C₁, the imperfection δ₀ generates the asymmetry:

$$\eta_B = \delta_0 \cdot f(S_{C_1}) \cdot \epsilon_{CTP}$$

Where f(SC₁) is a function of the entropic collapse S₀.₀₉₉ and εCTP is the emergent CTP violation factor.

Entropic Sequence: Seals → Processes → Collapses

Ontological Structure of the MCMC

CTP violation occurs at collapse C₁ after process P₁:

  • S₀: ROOT — Primordial State, Mass-Space integration
  • S₀.₀₀₁: SEAL₁ — V₀D emerges (dimensionless point)
  • S₀.₀₀₉: COLLAPSE C₀ — Planck scale, V₀D is sealed
  • S₀.₀₁₀: SEAL₂ — V₁D emerges (line, motion)
  • S₀.₀₉₉: COLLAPSE C₁ — CTP Violation, GUT scale
  • S₀.₁₀₀: SEAL₃ — V₂D emerges (plane, rotation)
  • S₀.₉₉₉: COLLAPSE C₂ — Electroweak Scale
  • S₁.₀₀₀: SEAL₄ — V₃D emerges (volume, expansion)
  • S₁.₀₀₁: COLLAPSE C₃ — Birth of time

At S₀.₀₉₉ the velocity c becomes fixed and temporal irreversibility emerges, preparing the birth of time at S₁.₀₀₁.

Why Does It Work?

Standard Baryogenesis

  • SM CP violation very small
  • Sphalerons wash out the asymmetry
  • Requires new physics (leptogenesis, etc.)
  • Ad hoc parameters

MCMC

  • δ₀ is an intrinsic initial condition
  • CTP violation at S₀.₀₉₉ (collapse C₁)
  • Requires no new physics
  • Derived value, not adjusted

Derivation of the Value

With the MCMC parameters:

$$\delta_0 \approx 10^{-6}, \quad \epsilon_{CP} \sim 10^{-3}, \quad \frac{T_{reh}}{M_{Pl}} \sim 10^{-1}$$

One obtains:

$$\eta_B = 10^{-6} \times 10^{-3} \times 10^{-1} = 10^{-10}$$

In agreement with the observed value η_B ≈ 6 × 10⁻¹⁰.

η_B ~ 10⁻¹⁰ at S₀.₀₉₉
CTP violation at collapse C₁ (GUT scale)

The matter-antimatter asymmetry emerges from the imperfection δ₀ upon reaching the entropic collapse S₀.₀₉₉

Connection with ECV and MCV

Common Origin: The Imperfection δ₀

The baryon asymmetry, ECV (virtual quantum energy) and MCV (virtual quantum matter) have the same origin: the primordial imperfection δ₀ of the Primordial State:

  • η_B: CTP violation at S₀.₀₉₉
  • ECV (ρ_id): Tension released into space
  • MCV (ρ_lat): Tension gravitationally retained

This connection is a unique prediction of the MCMC: apparently unrelated phenomena emerge from the same ontological source.

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